{"id":2435,"date":"2025-09-10T12:55:43","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T12:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/overland-park\/?p=2435"},"modified":"2025-08-29T13:19:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T13:19:12","slug":"what-to-expect-during-a-grand-jury-investigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/overland-park\/blog\/what-to-expect-during-a-grand-jury-investigation\/","title":{"rendered":"What to Expect During a Grand Jury Investigation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Facing a grand jury is a serious step in criminal prosecution. Because it is less well-known, you may not know the full extent of your rights, what information you will have to provide, or what to expect from the proceedings. Joseph, Hollander &amp; Craft is equipped to help with both state and federal cases involving grand jury investigations in Missouri and Kansas.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is a Grand Jury Investigation?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <\/span>grand jury investigation <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">is a legal process in which a group of citizens (the grand jury) is convened to review evidence presented by a prosecutor to determine whether there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed and that a particular person should be charged. Unlike a trial jury, which decides guilt or innocence, a grand jury only decides whether charges should be filed. It also takes place under a greater degree of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/revisor.mo.gov\/main\/OneSection.aspx?section=540.320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">secrecy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as it is part of an ongoing investigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Grand juries have broad investigative powers, including the authority to issue subpoenas, compel testimony, and request documents or physical evidence. Both state and federal courts use grand juries. While the grand jury investigation processes are generally similar, federal grand juries may convene for longer periods.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Why Does a Case Go to the Grand Jury?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The criminal charging process does not always involve a grand jury. Many cases begin with just an information or complaint filed by a prosecutor. However, grand juries are commonly used for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Federal cases\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Complex investigations, such as interstate <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/kansas-city\/criminal-defense-attorney\/drug-crime\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">drug rings<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">High-profile matters involving public interest<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cases with vulnerable or sensitive witnesses, like certain <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/kansas-city\/criminal-defense-attorney\/sex-crimes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sex crimes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In some situations, the law requires a case to be presented to a grand jury. In others, a prosecutor may choose to use a grand jury, either to protect the identity of witnesses, to test the strength of their evidence, or to build credibility before bringing charges.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>How Is a Grand Jury Selected?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Missouri grand jury laws select jurors much like for trial. Names are chosen at random from lists of registered voters and driver\u2019s license holders. A typical grand jury panel may sit for several months and hear multiple cases during that time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Kansas, the process is largely comparable to Missouri\u2019s, although it is also one of only six states that allow for the use of citizen petitions to trigger grand jury proceedings. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kslegislature.gov\/li_2022\/b2021_22\/committees\/ctte_s_jud_1\/documents\/testimony\/20210312_18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Citizen-Initiated Grand Jury Petition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> law was revived in 2003 in Kansas and has been used in controversial or politically sensitive cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the federal level, the selection process is similar, though it may involve a more extensive vetting process. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/kansas-city\/criminal-defense-attorney\/federal-criminal-defense\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Federal grand juries<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also typically sit for 18 to 24 months, meeting periodically to handle various investigations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>How Many Jurors on a Grand Jury?<\/h3>\n<p>The number of jurors on a grand jury ranges from 12 to 23 people.<\/p>\n<h3>How Many Hours a Day Is Grand Jury Duty?<\/h3>\n<p>Grand jury sessions usually last a few hours at a time, not full days like at trial. Jurors meet only on scheduled days, often once or twice a week.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is a Grand Jury Subpoena?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A grand jury subpoena is a legal order, often served to witnesses, requiring them to appear before the grand jury. You may be asked to provide documents, give testimony, or both. It is rare for a potential defendant to testify, due to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/amendment-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>What Happens During Grand Jury Testimony?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anyone with relevant information can be called to testify before a grand jury. This typically includes law enforcement officers, alleged victims, and even those under investigation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is no judge present during a grand jury session, due to the higher confidentiality standard for these hearings. Instead, the prosecutor leads the grand jury, guiding jurors through the evidence and questioning witnesses. The prosecution\u2019s main objective is to convince the jurors that there is enough evidence to proceed with the case.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Crucially, <\/span><b>defense attorneys are not allowed in the room while a witness testifies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, if you are testifying and have legal representation, your attorney can wait just outside the courtroom. You may ask to step out to consult with your lawyer before answering questions. Doing so is especially important if your answer may incriminate you in criminal activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Can Testimony From a Grand Jury Be Admissible in Court?<\/h3>\n<p>Admissibility of grand jury testimony varies, but it is not 100% protected by grand jury secrecy rules. Testimony or documents can be reintroduced at trial under certain circumstances, such as perjury charges or inconsistent testimony. Additionally, statements made under oath to a grand jury can sometimes be used to impeach a witness.<\/p>\n<p>For this reason, it is especially important to contact a Kansas City criminal defense attorney before appearing before a grand jury.<\/p>\n<h2>What Does \u201cGrand Jury Indictment\u201d Mean?<\/h2>\n<p>If a grand jury determines there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed and that a specific person committed it, they may issue an indictment. This is not a finding of guilt, but a formal charge that sets the wheels in motion for prosecution. Once indicted, the accused will typically be arrested or summoned to court for arraignment, where the formal charges are read, and the case will proceed through the criminal justice system.<\/p>\n<h2>How a Kansas City Criminal Defense Attorney Can Help<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/kansas-city\/criminal-defense-attorney\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kansas City criminal defense attorney<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can protect your rights during a grand jury investigation. Working with a seasoned criminal defense attorney directly from the start can help protect your reputation and avoid restrictions on your freedom. At Joseph, Hollander &amp; Craft, we can help during both state and federal grand jury proceedings to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ensure you understand your rights and obligations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prepare for testimony or document production<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Respond to subpoenas effectively<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Challenge improper or unlawful investigative tactics.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you are involved in a grand jury investigation in Missouri or Kansas, don\u2019t wait. Whether you\u2019ve received a subpoena or suspect you may be the target of a grand jury investigation, schedule a consultation with our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/criminal-defense-process-missouri\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kansas City criminal defense law firm<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to ensure that you are fully prepared for what lies ahead.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Contact Joseph, Hollander &amp; Craft Today<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joseph, Hollander &amp; Craft serves the metro area with five locations: Kansas City, Lawrence, Overland Park, Topeka, and Wichita. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/kansas-city\/#contact-form\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contact<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> one of our Kansas City criminal defense lawyers today to understand your rights and protect you from the outset during a grand jury investigation. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Facing a grand jury is a serious step in criminal prosecution. Because it is less well-known, you may not know the full extent of your rights, what information you will have to provide, or what to expect from the proceedings. Joseph, Hollander &amp; Craft is equipped to help with both state and federal cases involving [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":152,"featured_media":2436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[88,115],"class_list":["post-2435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-criminal-defense","tag-federal-defense"],"acf":{"external_sources":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What to Expect During a Grand Jury Investigation | Joseph, Hollander &amp; Craft LLC | Overland Park, KS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn what happens during a grand jury investigation, what indictment means, and how a Kansas City criminal defense attorney can help\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/overland-park\/blog\/what-to-expect-during-a-grand-jury-investigation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What to Expect During a Grand Jury Investigation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn what happens during a grand jury investigation, what indictment means, and how a Kansas City criminal defense attorney can help\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/josephhollander.com\/overland-park\/blog\/what-to-expect-during-a-grand-jury-investigation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Joseph, Hollander &amp; 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